The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Essay Example For Students

The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Essay To say that Tom Sawyer was an average young boy growing up in Illinois would be an understatement. TheAdventures of Tom Sawyer, written by Mark Twain is an absolutely enchanting book. Every episode is moreexciting than the prior one, which is why this book receives five stars. Set in the old Southwest in an almost poverty stricken shabby village called St. Petersburg. The whole townknows one another, and of course they know each others business. Sunday was the holy day when everyonewould gather at the church to compare notes on the past weeks events. The children had to rely on makinggood clean fun from meager surroundings. Swimming, fishing, picnicking, and playing Hide n seek in the longhot summer days were all good ways to pass the time. We will write a custom essay on The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But Tom was more venturesome than that, and with his best friend Huckleberry Finn, he lived everyday to itsfullest. Tom had a little more schooling than Huck, but Huck was growing up on the streets and surviving just fineconsidering that his father was a drunk. Tom had a good home, being raised by his Aunt Polly, (his mother diedso her sister took him in). He also lived with his half-brother, Sid, whoms main objective in life was to makeToms miserable by ratting him out all the time, and his quiet cousin Mary. His antics were ingenious though. The way that he turned whitewashing the fence as a punishment into a grand experience for all of the boys intown who couldnt wait to hold the brush and paint. Tom was not a bad boy, just an inquisitive one whos mindnever rested always dreaming, and making his dreams sound so good, he could always rope Huck Finn intohis escapades. Tom couldnt lie, and he couldnt see someone suffer for the sins of another, as seen when he tells the truthabout the murder of Dr. Robinson. It took real guts to point the finger at Injun Joe, the half-breed, who was alsoone of the most despicable scoundrels in the town. Tom was also loyal to his friends, and showed that when hewouldnt tell that Huck Finn was with him that night the doctor was killed in the graveyard. Tom also couldntleave Becky Thatcher in the cave when they were lost and she had all but given up hope of being found. Becky and Huck knew what kind of young gentleman Tom could be. Becky was his true love, although theirrelationship had some very rocky times, as pictured when they were trying to make one another jealous atschool. They were both talking with another, but they kept their eyes on each other, looking for a glint ofjealousy, but neither would make the first move, and they wound up hurting one another. Tom remained true toBecky when he covered for her after she accidentally tore a page in the teachers book. Mr. Dobbins wentaround the classroom asking each student if they knew who ripped the page, and just before he got to Becky,Tom jumped up and said that he did it, knowing full well that he would receive a lashing from Mr. Dobbins afterschool. Huck learned to appreciate Tom when he, Tom, and Joe ran away to the island to be pirates. The way that Tomconvinced the boys, even though they were homesick, to stay on the island until Sunday was wonderful. Theirreturn home during their funeral services after everyone believed they were dead, was brilliant. Making a grandentrance, receiving hugs and kisses from their loved ones, and not being scolded for running away was justperfect. Why he even had the townspeople glad to see Huck, even though they really didnt know him. .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3 , .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3 .postImageUrl , .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3 , .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3:hover , .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3:visited , .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3:active { border:0!important; } .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3:active , .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3 .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uef79791f33926f345898718a8b90a0c3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Play EssayTom was always looking for the easy way to make money. While hunting for buried treasure, he and Huck foundmore than they bargained for. They found out that Injun Joe was alive, and had a great deal of gold in a box hewas going to hide. Huck followed him, and wound up hearing that he was planning to rob and kill the widowDouglas. Huck became a hero when he saved the widow by telling the Welshmans, who went to her house,chased Injun Joe away, and rescued her. The boys finally went and recovered Injun Joes floods of gold that hehad buried in the cave, (Tom found the spot when Becky and he were lost in there for days), and claimed it fortheir own. They finally had t heir reward. The big payoff for being fine young men with just a little bit of spice andvinegar to keep things happening in the town very interesting. Huck got a home with the widow Douglas. Tomreceived some much do love and attention from Aunt Polly and Becky. This book is a classic, and it will live on forever. It is enjoyable, and it keeps you wanting to read more andmore. It is a great book for everyone to read, girls and boys alike. I especially think that boys from twelve tofifteen will really enjoy it because they can put themselves in Toms place, and dream that they are doing all ofthe wild things that Tom did. This book shows that there is good in everyone, whether they are rich or poor,young or old, boy or girl, even the feisty troublemakers of the town. I enjoyed this book immensely, and highlyrecommend it for others to read.

Pleonasms

Pleonasms Pleonasms Pleonasms By Mark Nichol This post pertains to varieties of pleonasms, instances of verbal redundancy, which are usually a sign of careless or lazy writing (though some are employed for rhetorical effect). The word pleonasm stems from the Greek term pleonazein, meaning â€Å"to be excessive,† and is related to plenty, plural, and plus. One type of redundancy is onomastic pleonasm (that’s one of my favorite phrases), in which a word derived from a foreign language referring to a type of geographical feature is redundantly paired with the English equivalent of that word to describe some such feature, as with â€Å"Sahara Desert† (proper usage is â€Å"the Sahara†) or â€Å"Mount Fujiyama† (Fujiyama, or â€Å"Mount Fuji†). However, some redundancy is tolerated, as in the case of â€Å"the River Avon†/â€Å"the Avon River† (though the various rivers so named, like many others, are often referred to without the categorical name: â€Å"the Avon†) and â€Å"the La Brea Tar Pits.† Another is acronymic pleonasm, in which an acronym or initialism serves as an adjective for a noun already represented by one of the initials in the abbreviation, as in â€Å"ATM machine† or â€Å"CAD design.† (A related redundancy is â€Å"Please RSVP†; the acronym is an abbreviation of the French phrase â€Å"Repondez si’l vous plait,† meaning, â€Å"Respond, if you please.†) And speaking of abbreviations, e.g. (or its translation, â€Å"for example†) explicitly signals that one or more examples will be listed, so avoid tagging etc. onto the end of a list preceded by the abbreviation or the phrase (though etc. is not redundant to i.e., which means â€Å"that is†). Redundancies often occur in phrases in which the meaning of an adjective is implicit in the noun, as in â€Å"new recruit,† â€Å"specific example,† and â€Å"temporary reprieve† or phrases in which the redundancy follows, rather than precedes, the sufficient word (â€Å"add up,† â€Å"postpone until later,† â€Å"repeat again†). Also, edit phrases in which a stated quality is already implied (â€Å"few in number,† â€Å"green in color.)† Forgivable pleonasms include those in which the original meaning of a word has been subverted so that a clarifying adjective is required. For example, until a few decades ago, clocks were analogue, or mechanical. When digital timekeeping devices became the default type, it became necessary to sometimes qualify a description to â€Å"analog clock.† Likewise, in law and law enforcement, doublets such as â€Å"aid and abet† â€Å"breaking and entering,† and â€Å"cease and desist,† which are not literally redundant but appear so, persist. However, writers and speakers should both cease and desist employing such pleonasms as â€Å"each and every,† â€Å"first and foremost,† and (shudder) â€Å"way, shape, or form.† In addition, two words that are usually implicitly pleonastic are currently and different; in â€Å"He is currently on vacation,† the present-tense verb renders currently superfluous, and in â€Å"They tried a variety of different strategies,† different is extraneous because variety is sufficient to convey distinction. Another word to monitor is completely when it is paired with a verb that implies finality, such as destroyed or eradicated, and avoid qualifying necessary with a qualifier such as absolutely. Finally, Great Authors have employed pleonasm as a literary device, but unless you are a Great Author, minimize such flourishes as â€Å"I saw it with my own eyes.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'ts7 Tips for Writing a Film ReviewCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

How to Format APA Citations

How to Format APA Citations How to Format APA Citations APA referencing – developed by the American Psychological Association – is used to cite sources in academic writing. But how does this system work? In this post, we take a look at APA citations, how to quote sources, and a few variations of the basic citation format you may need to know. 1. Basic APA Citations APA uses author–date citations (a form of parenthetical referencing). This means you cite a source by giving the surname of its author and the date of its publication in brackets: Many people use APA citations (Schreiber, 2001). As shown above, APA citations place a comma between the author’s name and the year. If the author is already named in the text, meanwhile, you only need to give the year in brackets: Schreiber (2001) states that many people use APA citations. This is the basic APA citation format for all sources with a single author. 2. Sources with More than One Author For sources with two authors, include both surnames in citations. The names should be joined by an ampersand if they are cited in brackets, but not when they appear in the main text: Two is company (Schreiber Harkin, 2011). According to Schreiber and Harkin (2011), two is company. When a source has three to five authors, the format is the same as above for the first citation. For instance: Three is a crowd (Schreiber, Harkin, Murray Ptaszynski, 2014). However, if you were to cite the same source again, you would use the first name plus â€Å"et al.† to prevent repetition. For example: Nobody yet knows what comes after a crowd (Schreiber et al., 2014). For sources with more than five authors, meanwhile, you should cite the first named author plus â€Å"et al.† in all citations, including the first one (full author information is still given in the reference list). 3. Organizational Authors Some sources, such as the website of a business, won’t have a named individual as an author. When this occurs, you can name a company or organization as the author: Missing citations can affect your grades (Proofed, 2018). This is known as citing an â€Å"organizational author.† If there is no organizational author available either, though, you may have to give the title of the source in the citation instead of an author. 4. Quoting Sources If you are quoting a source, you need to give a pinpoint citation. This means citing the page number(s) of the quoted passage: It is important to â€Å"provide evidence in essays† (Schreiber, 2001, p. 24). As shown above, you should give the page number(s) after a comma and â€Å"p.† when the author’s name is part of the citation. However, you should cite the page number separately when the author has been named in the text instead: Schreiber (2001) says we must â€Å"provide evidence in essays† (p. 24). The key is that page numbers always appear after the quotation. 5. Audiovisual Sources If you want to quote an audiovisual source, you need to cite a timestamp: The interviewee claimed that â€Å"video is the future† (Harkin, 2017, 21:34). Here, for example, the â€Å"21:34† in the citation shows that the quote comes from 21 minutes and 34 seconds into the recording. This replaces the page numbers cited when quoting a print source. 6. Multiple Sources in One Citation You can, if required, cite more than one source in a single set of brackets. All you need to do is place a semicolon between the citations, which should be ordered alphabetically by author surname: There is strong agreement on this issue among experts (Harkin, 2001; Ptaszynski, 1998; Schreiber, 2010). Citing more than one source at the same time like this can be useful if you need to show that multiple sources support the same argument. 7. Multiple Sources by the Same Author from the Same Year For most sources, the author’s surname and year of publication will be enough for the reader to find it in the reference list. However, if you are citing more than one source by the same author from the same year, you will need to provide extra information to help the reader. APA referencing does this by placing a letter after the year of publication: Publishing success can vary by year (Harkin, 2001a). Some years may see an author release multiple works, whereas other years may see them publish nothing at all (Harkin, 2001b). Here, we have two sources by Harkin from 2001. As such, we label these â€Å"2001a† and â€Å"2001b† in citations and in the reference list so readers can tell which citation points to which source. The letter used depends on the position of the source in the reference list, with sources from the same year ordered alphabetically by title. So, if we have two sources by Harkin from 2001, one called Analyzing APA and another called Myths of Referencing, the former would come first in the reference list and be cited as ‘2001a’, while the latter would come second and be cited as â€Å"2001b.† 8. More than One Author with the Same Surname Finally, if you cite separate sources by two authors who happen to have the same surname, you should add a first initial to citations so that your reader can tell them apart: Some surnames are very common (A. Smith, 1984). This can lead to confusion between people with the same surname (B. Smith, 2004). Adding this initial will help readers find the sources in your reference list.

Account for changes, ststus and expectations of working class women in Essay

Account for changes, ststus and expectations of working class women in victorian period (england only) - Essay Example Women were beginning to question their allotted place in society as more and more opportunities opened for them in the urban centers of the country, providing them with a means of supporting themselves and freeing themselves from the yoke of male domination. However, at the same time, these positions were not the equal rights positions of modern times, so it was often difficult to determine whether one wanted to sacrifice freedom for comfort or comfort for freedom. Rarely was it possible to attain both and often it was found, too late, that it was possible to attain neither. The Victorian period’s characterization as a time of change is appropriate, particularly when taken in context with the changes occurring in the lives of women. Thanks to advances in technology and a general shift toward the cities, women’s spheres were fundamentally shifted in the home, in society and in work and they became more and more recognized as a force to contend with in the nation’s legislative process. The difficulties faced by women can be traced somewhat through literature, such as George Eliot’s Daniel Deronda (1876). A little knowledge about the author is itself an education in the struggle of women to accomplish their goals. Although the book is published under a male name as the only means by which it could possibly gain the attention of a publisher, the author was actually female, a woman named Mary Ann Evans. This begins to illustrate the inability of women to control their own careers or destinies as well as their struggles to break these bounds. In the Victorian era, the barriers of the class system rigidly defined the role of a woman. At the time women belonged to four distinct classes: nobility and gentry, middle-class, upper working-class, and lower working-class (Levine-Clark, 1991). These women each had their own specific standards and roles within society.

Arguing from Multiple SOURCES- Position Paper Essay

Arguing from Multiple SOURCES- Position Paper - Essay Example â€Å"There is yet one more notable thing about this class that I would like to mention. You have helped to make Middlebury a more diverse and inclusive place than it was four years ago – which brings me to the theme I particularly want to discuss this afternoon. Your class is statistically the most diverse, and the most international, ever to graduate from Middlebury. That has certainly affected – and I would say greatly improved – the education you have received here.† Both McWhorter and Liebowitz agree that diversity is a positive step to improving the lives of many. So why, therefore, do some universities use racial discrimination in the selection of students; accepting only the bare minimum of non-whites to the institution in order not to appear racist; instead of using SAT scores and grades as meritocratic tool to admit students. Students do not just go to university in order to forge a well educated, national elite (McWhorter pg.438, ch.4), but also to enrich their own lives, to have a once in a lifetime experience where groups of people of relatively the same age can come together and socialize and form bonds as well as improve and change the order of thinking. â€Å"Since my undergraduate days, however, elite universities have come to mean something much different when they speak of â€Å"diversity†: having as many brown faces on campus, regardless of standards.† In both cases there would be racial discomfort, with the minority only interacting within their own community and not socializing with the larger university community. This would also cause segregation inside and between fraternity and sorority houses. If universities were to remove the diversity preference part of their recruitment program they therefore would have to admit students according to intellect, for example: SAT results and grades instead even if this, as much as it proves valid, has the problem that their past

International and Comparative Relations Essay Example for Free

International and Comparative Relations Essay As the number of hired workers in companies raises so are the Human Resources Managers facing more challenges as they need to maintain a competitive edge in their business both at home and abroad. Chinas entry into the World Trade Organization created fresh opportunities which resulted to some firms retreating and others expanding (Bamber, Lansbury Wailes, 2004), making the entry of foreign firms to be faced by challenges than it was in the 1970s and thus even the HR managers are in for a challenge since they have to carefully know how to tackle the culture of post-WTO China so as to have an effective HRM systems. According to Lucas (2004) it is important to understand the HRM challenges facing foreign firms in China and how to overcome them. According to information given by interviewees, who included senior managers and private equity specialists, it was discovered that the Western model of HRM may not solve the challenges. Firms had to come out with ideas on how to manage human resources in response to the changing environment in China. To know how the firms were doing this, interviews were conducted rather than survey instrument (Deery Mitchell, 1999). After the interviews it was noted that the strategies of the HR in China differed from those of the West. For instance one of the HR process in China is selection of people they want to work in their companies. Some private successful firms wanted young people who are from school others selected people who do not drink or smoke. While firms really wanted to remove redundant employees in their companies, some of the managers that were interviewed said that there was benefit â€Å"organized† over-staffing. Again in the issue of employee contribution; to encourage employee contribution there had to be change of mentality like their association of mistakes with penalties. It was noted that many employees in the foreign firms were afraid to do anything outside their job description thus the HRM policies were encouraged to aim at helping these employees. There was also the issue of training programs in which they should also teach about what is wrong and its solution.  Ã‚   One way of helping these employees according to (Verma, Kochan Lansbury, 1995) was to train them well in their jobs so as to extend even beyond their job description. This however has to be encouraged through creation of friendly environment involvement in risk taking. There is also another problem of lack of ground rules that are well-established which results to interference with the operations. Some individuals have the power to stop some industries from operating. The foreign firms thus need to know the relevant person in that location. The HR has the role to select well-connected people in management team (Morgenstern, 1984). Even in some companies they need the individuals they want to hire for their jobs to have connections with government bodies or powerful individuals so as they can link them in case of a problem. The HR also plays the role of â€Å"change agent† (Blanpain, Lansbury Park, 2002) where they help firms implement new programs, improve processes and transform positively the organizations culture. Employment relationship is vital as the employers need to have good relationship with their existing employees as well as their new ones so as to avoid problems at the place of works hence increasing workplace productivity. This however can be complex as sometimes the employees can find the rules set by the employers quite challenging. As human the way we choose to control our goal maybe different from what the organization wants. The organization needs people who can interact with others to be productive to the company. The employment relation constitutes of three sides that is the employers, employees and the law. In addition there are employment rights.   In different countries and cities we have different way of treating employees and companies also have got different policies. Employment relationships are faced by challenges such as competitive pressures, technological change as this may result to either the employer seeking new employees who have got the most updated technological skills or requiring the old employees to update their skill by going back to class of which other will not welcome the idea, changing of owns behaviors; this may lead to disappointment to either party. As time goes by the employee-employer relationship changes. This according to Blanpain, Lansbury Park (2002) can be brought about by societal, organizational or individual changes. From the society point of view changes in the relationship is as a result developments in our society for example the cultural norms influence and the values that are related to exchanges. The organization together with the employee composes the second and third sources of changes in employment relationship. The organization and the employer both are part of the society and are both influenced by the same structural factors and dynamic change processes. However they still have some differences as the desires of the organization and those of the employee may not necessarily converge. For instance the organization may require organizational flexibility to cope with the competitiveness. Similarly the employee desire and expectations of the organization may change for example an employee with a family probably with small children will want the employers flexibility to provide good balance between his job and his private life as an important issue. There seems as if the traditional labor laws are less effective in determining the employment relationships in many countries (Dickens Neal, 2006). The pressure for flexibility in firms has led to changes in the employment relations. These changes have been linked to societal factors. In 1999-2000, twenty-seven Dutch Organization (Bach, 1999) a questionnaire was distributed to groups of employees. The data that was gathered from a sample that represented the working population showed that the younger and older employee was underrepresented and there was over representation of people between 25 and 44 years. This is a contradiction to the Chinese authority who wanted younger people. The questionnaires also assessed individual characters, employee obligations toward the company and employer obligation toward the employee. It was noted that most employees aired out their opinions on several issues affecting them and they were thinking beyond their jobs. This is unlike in China where due to fear of intimidation employees were afraid to air out their opinions. A comparative study of employment systems in the US and Japan was achieved by use of game-theoretic framework (Rapra Technology Limited, 2005) here the employment system was seen as an equilibrium outcome of interactions among management, labor, and government. In both countries, the relations evolved from ones associated with short-term contracts and company-wide employee representation. While Japan continued in the same path, the U.S experienced a breakdown of implicit contract during the Great Depression (Mortimer Leece, 1994). It is important to study internationally comparative employment relations so as to contribute to our knowledge about the employment relations in other countries and also to provide model for the development of policy. Due to globalization, there is increased economic connectedness hence the need to learn about employment relations practices in other countries. In addition it also helps with theory construction. International comparison requires acceptance of reference point. Employment relations in Britain as accordance to Jenkins (2000) was characterized with formation of unions which marked a big growth up until the World War II when due to a rising number in unemployment the membership of the unions declined. This was also caused by part-time jobs and concentration in the private sector where unions found it hard to recruit. Unlike most other   Western European countries, Britain (Sparrow Cooper, 2003)has one main union confederation that is the Trades Union Congress(TUC) that was established in 1868.Between 1980 and 1990 private sector firms membership of employers associations fell sharply before it started to rise again slightly in the 1990s. The state plays a very important role in employment relations either directly and/or indirectly. The changing pattern of employment relation in Britain reflects some trends which may include de-industrialization, proportion increase in services and growth of a typical employment. Employment relation in United States of America can be started in 1930s (Stuart Martinez- Lucio, 2005) when the US unions first arose as a seemingly permanent force. Between 1940-1950 the unions grew tremendously and in 1960s and 1970s transformed government employment into sector with strong unions. Employers organizations in USA are relatively unimportant and unlike in other countries there have not been any employers confederations. By 1985 the depth of union membership crisis was acknowledged and new forms of employee participation appeared in some workplaces. Though in the early 1990s there was a strong economic recovery (Bender Theodossiou, 1996), there was growing polarisation in employees labor market experiences. By 2000 the pressures from globalisation increased. The non-union sector has marked a tremendous growth in spite of the labour laws being enforced. REFERENCES Almond, P Ferner, A 2006, American multinationals in Europe: managing employment    relations across national borders, Oxford University Press, Melbourne   Bach, S 1999, Public Service Employment Relations in Europe: Transformation, Modernization    Or Inertia?, Routledge Bamber, G, Lansbury, R Wailes, N 2004, International and Comparative Employment   Ã‚   Relations: Globalisation and the Developed Market Economies, 4th ed, SAGE, Boca Raton,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FL Bender, K Theodossiou, I 1996, International Comparisons of the Real Wage-employment    Relationship, University of Aberdeen Blanpain, R, Lansbury, R Park, Y 2002, The Impact of Globalisation on Employment

Selfish Edna Pontellier in Kate Chopins The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Selfish Edna Pontellier in The Awakening Could the actions of Edna Pontellier in Kate Chopin's novella The Awakening ever be justified? This question could be argued from two different perspectives. The social view of The Awakening would accuse Edna Pontellier of being selfish and unjustified in her actions. Yet, in terms of the story's romanticism, Edna was in many ways an admirable character. She liberated herself from her restraints and achieved nearly all that she desired. Chopin could have written this novel to glorify a woman in revolt against conventions of the period. Yet, since the social standpoint is more factual and straightforward, it is the basis of this paper. Therefore, no, her affairs, treatment of her family and lovers, and suicide were completely unwarranted. She was not denied love or support by any of those close to her. Ultimately Edna Pontellier was simply selfish. A typically assumed reason for having an affair is that the person's spouse is, in some way, unsatisfactory. Perhaps by their affair, they are searching for a better source of love. This, however, was not a justifiable cause for Edna's adultery. Mr. Pontellier was a loving husband who tried to show his love for Edna in all of the ways he was able. Léonce showered his wife with valuable gifts. His life revolved around money, and he knew no other way to show his wife how much he loved her. He attempted to compensate Mrs. Pontellier materialistically for the lack of emotional support. While this may not be an ideal solution to the problem, it cannot be denied that Mr. Pontellier was trying to diminish the problems between them. Yet, even though it is understandable that she is upset that her husband lacks family skills, getting married was solely Edna's fault. The history of their relationship is far from perfect. Chopin states "her marriage to Léonce Pontellie r was purely an accident... He fell in love...and pressed his suit with an earnestness and an ardor which left nothing to be desired. He pleased her; his absolute devotion flattered her" (18). Edna was not fair to him when she married him without loving him. She "grew fond of her husband" (18), but fondness is not a good reason for marriage.

Briar rose essay

Briar Rose mainly tells us about what Gamma went through ruing the holocaust and this brings out more characters Like Harvey Goldman and Josef. Gamma's story tells us about her experiences during the holocaust and also reveals how Jews , gypsies and homosexuals were treated. Holey told Gamma's story in a fairy tale because the story is too scary to retell. She also Told It Inform of a fairy tale so that It won't be as scarier, so that Beach, Shania and Sylvia can understand, so It can reach an audience faster.As mentioned before, Gamma's story was told in a fairy tale form, it is about what she went through during the holocaust but Holey chooses to tell it a fairy-tale form. She uses a lot of symbolism, Gamma's story uses symbolism. Gamma mentions Crown of red hair and represents blood shed during the holocaust. She also mentions big black boots with silver eagles on her hat and this represents the Nazi soldiers. The castle was the gas chambers, she mentions a hundred years is foreve r and this represents death which Is discovered by Beach later in the novel. She mentions the thorns as sharp as barbs which represented barbed wire around the camp.In the story Gamma says whoever goes In doesn't come out and this represented the death camps, she meant the death camps. The story mentioned the prince who had knowledge of the past he had knowledge of the pass Gamma was talking about Joseph, a man who knew everything that was going on, he had lived through it. The princess was given breath to breath, mouth to mouth (the kiss of life) by the prince. The curse that she mentions in the story is actually the curse for the Jews from the Nazis, she says l curse you and your father and your mother the queen and all uncles and cousins and aunts.And all the people in your village. † And all the people who bear your name†, this represents all the Jewish people who were killed including Gamma's family and friends. The mist represented the gas chambers that most of the Jews were killed and burnt In. But symbols often have a cluster of connotations. The mist may also stand for the Imperfect knowledge Gamma and her family has of the events of her past, which they only dimly understand. The briars can also represent the difficulties to be overcome consciousness about what was going on.The rose of the title is the symbol of love, which survives through the thorny briars, and is the motivating force of the whole tale, forcing Beach to carry out her promise o find the castle in the sleeping woods. Her research reveals that Gamma's survival and her daughter's existence have both been made possible by the love of Aaron and of Josef. The very existence of Beach and her sisters is owed to the selfless love the briar rose symbolizes. In Gamma's fairy tale story, she says Not everyone will die, a few will Just sleep.You, princess will be one† the princess is Gamma, it is revealed throughout the novel and she even says it to Beach when she was telling t he story. She also mentions this in the fairy tale story â€Å"The peasant smiled, he had only few teeth, hue peasants know how to sort of thin, the peasant represents Joseph Petcock and the other man he was with, he reached into a pit of bodies to get her (probably because she was so pretty and so easy to spot) – as Harvey Goldman mentioned that she was so pretty and every guy wanted her but they all couldn't talk to her.Josef Petcock in dead bodies got Gamma and the guys gave her a life kiss. She woke up when it was Josef turn that's why Josef is the prince. The effect of using symbolism is so that the story can be more effective, important, and less scary and also so that it can attract a wider audience. Holey also focuses on the theme of growing up and telling the truth. She still continues on using symbolism. We see how Beach and her sisters argue over hearing the Gamma's story (Beach wants to hear it but the sisters don't want to hear it), this represents the inability of people to deal with different situations.Josef tells his own story the way it happened, he doesn't glamour it and this represents his braveness. Holey also made him to be a partisan to show us his braveness. He is introduced by Father Stash, who devotes himself to the spiritual needs of the Echelon people. Their guilt makes them hostile to all recognition of the evil times many of them took part in, or at the very least permitted. Stash understands why Josef lives near Echelon Like me, he is drawn back by the souls of the dead† The Briar Rose tale is thus an allegory of Gamma's life.Although she cannot recall the details of her past, an amnesia that had made her survival possible, she needs to pass this story on to her descendants, and uses the fairy tale to do so. Like many allegorical tales, it tells of good triumphing over evil, of a contented life won only after life-threatening difficulties and dangers have been overcome. The effect of using allegory is very effective in conveying her story which she delivers in a superb fashion. The use of allegory also gives it a sense of realism and acts as a metaphor which helps us realism what happened during the holocaust and Gamma's life through Beech's promise and research.Holey has added strands from other traditional tales to enrich the story, Beach is on Beach makes sense of Beech's story and promised Gamma that she was going to find out about the castle â€Å"promise me you will find the castle†. Gamma's whole version of the Briar Rose tale, Beach recognizes to be a metaphor for her life. The effects of this are the placement of segments of the never-completed fairy story at intervals through the narrative adds suspense and mystery to the novel.More importantly, the fairy tale references seem to deepen the story of Gamma's Holocaust sufferings and relate them to the whole cultural tradition of good and evil, of suffering and rescue, and of seeking and eventually finding. The narrative of Beech 's determined quest is to make sense of this story after her grandmother's death. A third stage of Beech's developing relationship with fellow Journalist, Stan is presented more lightly, but suggests that, for Beach, a happy ending is likely.Her own happy ever after tale springs out of her grandmother's life story, and make the bitter sadness of the Holocaust easier for the readers to bear. Gamma's story itself was one of a happy ‘normal' ending with a supportive family. The novel is ironic; the happily ever after† ending of the conventional fairy tale is, an ironic contrast to the horrific suffering of camp victims such as Gamma, and to the deaths of millions. As for Josef Petcock, he is gay, not the expected heterosexual lover Beach was ready to cast as her unknown grandfather.In fact Gamma is saved by twin heroes – Josef, who gives her the kiss of life, and Aaron, who pulls her from the mass grave and soon after marries her. Josef presence is more than Justifie d in the story, as homosexuals were victims of the Holocaust. It is not altogether clear that Holey has intended such irony. The reality of such old folk tales is often brutal and harsh. The original Sleeping Beauty included such ingredients as rape, and attempted murder, inspired by almost insane Jealousy. It is only the versions that are produced for children to avoid dealing with horrifying evil.It is possible to view Gamma's life as indeed a â€Å"happy ending† where the ghosts of a bitter past are being freed by family support and the ability to speak of the mercifully destroyed completely past only in terms of fairy tale. Briar Rose shows the significance of the Holocaust and its continued impact, Holey does this through characters. She does this through most of the characters, for example Gamma and Josef. Josef tells his story like he wasn't a hero, even though he was the hero, Holey does this to represent those who are brave, he tells it the way it is (he doesn't find different ways to tell it).This represents heroism and how some people affected during the holocaust can still talk and tell people about it. Gamma tell her story in fairy tale form, Holey does this to represent those who want to tell the story but they story is too scary to retell. Gamma has forgotten her past and relives it through a fairy tale, and her past was so traumatic that in order to cope Gamma's memory of the past was always presented in a unique way to her family. The quote â€Å"I have no memories in my head but one†¦ A fairy tale† from Gamma tell us this. With their lives.She is a very typical of a certain kind of a person; she is a courageous mother, the miraculous survivor. Holey shows the social importance of family through Beach, she was always there for her grandmother when she was in the nursing home. The importance of family heritage and understanding of the past is emphasizes by Beach, who says that she is going to solve the mystery of Gamma's past in order to understand her own family I am going to find the castle and the prince and reclaim our family heritage† She shows the importance of remembrance-past, presence and future.The quote, â€Å"Time may heal all wounds, but it does not erase the scars. † The effect of this quote is for representing those who could tell the story/history, it means hey could to tell the story but it don't mean that they are not affected with it anymore. It is a story that is supposed to be shared; it is the history that is supposed to be known. Beach suddenly realism the impact of the death of others when she went on to search and find out about the grandmothers past Just like how the holocaust still affect some of today and in the future.It is clearly the suffering of those left behind especially those who were affected by it. â€Å"The future is when people talk about the past, so if the prince knows all their past lives and tells all the people who are still to come, then the pr inces live again into the true†, the effect of this quote is to stress the importance of oral tradition directly though the character of Gamma.Briar Rose indeed represents hidden millions whole stories whose stories were destroyed during the holocaust and it focuses on the impact of the holocaust, Just not the holocaust but also people affected by the holocaust (showing us what they went through). Hole's overall purpose of writing this novel was to make us consider the real history of the holocaust and the people it affected for example Gamma and Josef. Briar Rose is indeed shaped by the intense focus of extraordinary human experiences Briar rose essay Briar Rose mainly tells us about what Gamma went through ruing the holocaust and this brings out more characters Like Harvey Goldman and Josef. Gamma's story tells us about her experiences during the holocaust and also reveals how Jews , gypsies and homosexuals were treated. Holey told Gamma's story in a fairy tale because the story is too scary to retell. She also Told It Inform of a fairy tale so that It won't be as scarier, so that Beach, Shania and Sylvia can understand, so It can reach an audience faster.As mentioned before, Gamma's story was told in a fairy tale form, it is about what she went through during the holocaust but Holey chooses to tell it a fairy-tale form. She uses a lot of symbolism, Gamma's story uses symbolism. Gamma mentions Crown of red hair and represents blood shed during the holocaust. She also mentions big black boots with silver eagles on her hat and this represents the Nazi soldiers. The castle was the gas chambers, she mentions a hundred years is foreve r and this represents death which Is discovered by Beach later in the novel. She mentions the thorns as sharp as barbs which represented barbed wire around the camp.In the story Gamma says whoever goes In doesn't come out and this represented the death camps, she meant the death camps. The story mentioned the prince who had knowledge of the past he had knowledge of the pass Gamma was talking about Joseph, a man who knew everything that was going on, he had lived through it. The princess was given breath to breath, mouth to mouth (the kiss of life) by the prince. The curse that she mentions in the story is actually the curse for the Jews from the Nazis, she says l curse you and your father and your mother the queen and all uncles and cousins and aunts.And all the people in your village. † And all the people who bear your name†, this represents all the Jewish people who were killed including Gamma's family and friends. The mist represented the gas chambers that most of the Jews were killed and burnt In. But symbols often have a cluster of connotations. The mist may also stand for the Imperfect knowledge Gamma and her family has of the events of her past, which they only dimly understand. The briars can also represent the difficulties to be overcome consciousness about what was going on.The rose of the title is the symbol of love, which survives through the thorny briars, and is the motivating force of the whole tale, forcing Beach to carry out her promise o find the castle in the sleeping woods. Her research reveals that Gamma's survival and her daughter's existence have both been made possible by the love of Aaron and of Josef. The very existence of Beach and her sisters is owed to the selfless love the briar rose symbolizes. In Gamma's fairy tale story, she says Not everyone will die, a few will Just sleep.You, princess will be one† the princess is Gamma, it is revealed throughout the novel and she even says it to Beach when she was telling t he story. She also mentions this in the fairy tale story â€Å"The peasant smiled, he had only few teeth, hue peasants know how to sort of thin, the peasant represents Joseph Petcock and the other man he was with, he reached into a pit of bodies to get her (probably because she was so pretty and so easy to spot) – as Harvey Goldman mentioned that she was so pretty and every guy wanted her but they all couldn't talk to her.Josef Petcock in dead bodies got Gamma and the guys gave her a life kiss. She woke up when it was Josef turn that's why Josef is the prince. The effect of using symbolism is so that the story can be more effective, important, and less scary and also so that it can attract a wider audience. Holey also focuses on the theme of growing up and telling the truth. She still continues on using symbolism. We see how Beach and her sisters argue over hearing the Gamma's story (Beach wants to hear it but the sisters don't want to hear it), this represents the inability of people to deal with different situations.Josef tells his own story the way it happened, he doesn't glamour it and this represents his braveness. Holey also made him to be a partisan to show us his braveness. He is introduced by Father Stash, who devotes himself to the spiritual needs of the Echelon people. Their guilt makes them hostile to all recognition of the evil times many of them took part in, or at the very least permitted. Stash understands why Josef lives near Echelon Like me, he is drawn back by the souls of the dead† The Briar Rose tale is thus an allegory of Gamma's life.Although she cannot recall the details of her past, an amnesia that had made her survival possible, she needs to pass this story on to her descendants, and uses the fairy tale to do so. Like many allegorical tales, it tells of good triumphing over evil, of a contented life won only after life-threatening difficulties and dangers have been overcome. The effect of using allegory is very effective in conveying her story which she delivers in a superb fashion. The use of allegory also gives it a sense of realism and acts as a metaphor which helps us realism what happened during the holocaust and Gamma's life through Beech's promise and research.Holey has added strands from other traditional tales to enrich the story, Beach is on Beach makes sense of Beech's story and promised Gamma that she was going to find out about the castle â€Å"promise me you will find the castle†. Gamma's whole version of the Briar Rose tale, Beach recognizes to be a metaphor for her life. The effects of this are the placement of segments of the never-completed fairy story at intervals through the narrative adds suspense and mystery to the novel.More importantly, the fairy tale references seem to deepen the story of Gamma's Holocaust sufferings and relate them to the whole cultural tradition of good and evil, of suffering and rescue, and of seeking and eventually finding. The narrative of Beech 's determined quest is to make sense of this story after her grandmother's death. A third stage of Beech's developing relationship with fellow Journalist, Stan is presented more lightly, but suggests that, for Beach, a happy ending is likely.Her own happy ever after tale springs out of her grandmother's life story, and make the bitter sadness of the Holocaust easier for the readers to bear. Gamma's story itself was one of a happy ‘normal' ending with a supportive family. The novel is ironic; the happily ever after† ending of the conventional fairy tale is, an ironic contrast to the horrific suffering of camp victims such as Gamma, and to the deaths of millions. As for Josef Petcock, he is gay, not the expected heterosexual lover Beach was ready to cast as her unknown grandfather.In fact Gamma is saved by twin heroes – Josef, who gives her the kiss of life, and Aaron, who pulls her from the mass grave and soon after marries her. Josef presence is more than Justifie d in the story, as homosexuals were victims of the Holocaust. It is not altogether clear that Holey has intended such irony. The reality of such old folk tales is often brutal and harsh. The original Sleeping Beauty included such ingredients as rape, and attempted murder, inspired by almost insane Jealousy. It is only the versions that are produced for children to avoid dealing with horrifying evil.It is possible to view Gamma's life as indeed a â€Å"happy ending† where the ghosts of a bitter past are being freed by family support and the ability to speak of the mercifully destroyed completely past only in terms of fairy tale. Briar Rose shows the significance of the Holocaust and its continued impact, Holey does this through characters. She does this through most of the characters, for example Gamma and Josef. Josef tells his story like he wasn't a hero, even though he was the hero, Holey does this to represent those who are brave, he tells it the way it is (he doesn't find different ways to tell it).This represents heroism and how some people affected during the holocaust can still talk and tell people about it. Gamma tell her story in fairy tale form, Holey does this to represent those who want to tell the story but they story is too scary to retell. Gamma has forgotten her past and relives it through a fairy tale, and her past was so traumatic that in order to cope Gamma's memory of the past was always presented in a unique way to her family. The quote â€Å"I have no memories in my head but one†¦ A fairy tale† from Gamma tell us this. With their lives.She is a very typical of a certain kind of a person; she is a courageous mother, the miraculous survivor. Holey shows the social importance of family through Beach, she was always there for her grandmother when she was in the nursing home. The importance of family heritage and understanding of the past is emphasizes by Beach, who says that she is going to solve the mystery of Gamma's past in order to understand her own family I am going to find the castle and the prince and reclaim our family heritage† She shows the importance of remembrance-past, presence and future.The quote, â€Å"Time may heal all wounds, but it does not erase the scars. † The effect of this quote is for representing those who could tell the story/history, it means hey could to tell the story but it don't mean that they are not affected with it anymore. It is a story that is supposed to be shared; it is the history that is supposed to be known. Beach suddenly realism the impact of the death of others when she went on to search and find out about the grandmothers past Just like how the holocaust still affect some of today and in the future.It is clearly the suffering of those left behind especially those who were affected by it. â€Å"The future is when people talk about the past, so if the prince knows all their past lives and tells all the people who are still to come, then the pr inces live again into the true†, the effect of this quote is to stress the importance of oral tradition directly though the character of Gamma.Briar Rose indeed represents hidden millions whole stories whose stories were destroyed during the holocaust and it focuses on the impact of the holocaust, Just not the holocaust but also people affected by the holocaust (showing us what they went through). Hole's overall purpose of writing this novel was to make us consider the real history of the holocaust and the people it affected for example Gamma and Josef. Briar Rose is indeed shaped by the intense focus of extraordinary human experiences

Slavery Developed in All of the English Colonies of North America. Was This Institution the Same in All the Colonies Did This Form of Labour Have the Same Level of Importance in Each of the Areas? Why or Why Not?

Large-scale African slavery was introduced into the English colonies of North America around the middle of the seventeenth century. Although slavery developed in all of the British colonies, it did not have the same level of importance in each of the areas of settlement. Slavery mainly spread over those areas where there were large plantations of high-value cash crops, such as tobacco, indigo, sugar, rice and coffee. Consequently, in the Chesapeake and the Southern colonies, this form of labour rapidly became the basis of their economies. In New England and the Northern colonies, however, slavery was going to remain peripheral. The settlers? need for cheap labour to work on their plantations was one of the main reasons why the British colonies began to import enslaved Africans. In the Chesapeake area, successful tobacco cultivation required abundant land (since the crop quickly drained soil of nutrients). Consequently, plantations gradually spread out along the region’s rivers and planters quickly found themselves being land rich but labour poor. At first, indentured servants were used as the needed labour. These servants were mainly young English men who, in exchange for their transportation costs, had to provide four to seven years of free labour in the plantations. Once the period of indenture was over, those servants who managed to survive service were given freedom dues. However, in the 1660s, when the supply of indentured servants began to dry up (partly because the English economy improved and people started having better opportunities there) tobacco cultivators turned to a new source of labour: African slaves. Planters first imported already enslaved Africans from Caribbean sugar islands (the â€Å"Atlantic creolesâ€Å") but then, they began to purchase slaves directly from Africa. Although this new labour force was usually more expensive than indentured servants, it proved to be highly profitable because slaves, as well as their offspring, meant a lifetime of service. As a result of the introduction of slavery, society became more stratified: the Chesapeake colonies developed a three-tiered society with planters at the top, few poor farmers in the middle and slaves at the bottom. Because Africans were included among the first colonists to come to South Carolina, they composed one third of its early population. As African slaves had a variety of skills well suited to the semitropical environment of this colony, they contributed significantly to South Carolina’s prosperity: for instance, the cultivation of Carolina’s cash crops, rice and indigo, was only developed on a large scale with the help of skills and techniques of the African slaves. The similarity of South Carolina’s environment to West Africa’s and the large proportion of Africans in the population ensured that many aspects of West African culture survived in this colony: for example, enslaved parents continue to give their children African names, a dialect combining English words with African terms developed, etc. In contrast to the other areas, New England and the northern colonies were not committed to slavery as their chief source of labour. Lacking large-scale agricultural enterprises, these colonies did not demand many slaves. Although slavery was not as profitable to the north as it was to the south, northern colonists did own slaves. In these colonies, since European household servants were hard to find, the slaves owned by the northern settlers were mainly used as domestic servants for the urban elite. Because fewer slaves were introduced into the north, social differences were not as sharp as in the south. The gap between the rich and the poor in New England colonies was narrower than in the Chesapeake colonies. The different level of importance slavery had on the British colonies in North America accentuated the already existing differences between these settlements. To the distinction between cash crops plantations in the Chesapeake area and diversity of economy in the New England colonies was now added this quite dissimilar role of slavery. This distinction between large-scale slavery in the south and near absence of slavery in the north was going to last until to the middle of the nineteenth century. It was not until the American civil war that this situation finally came to an end.

Paradox of the Republic essays

Paradox of the Republic essays Paradoxes are ideas that seem to be in opposition to one another but are mutually needed to function. In Platos Republic he discusses several paradoxes. While reading The Republic we can see which side of these paradoxes Plato favors. We find which side he feels should be stressed so that we may live in a reasonable and safe society and be better human beings. There are three categories in which these paradoxes have been divided into: ethical, metaphysical and political. Plato was a legendary Athenian philosopher. His main influence was his teacher, Socrates, whom he thought died unjustly. The Republic was written in dialogues narrated by Socrates. These dialogues were Socrates teachings as best Plato could remember them. His writings left an undeniable mark on the world. The Republic was one of his most famous works. It outlines the core of his beliefs. Politically, Plato explains the paradox of justice and the law. Plato believes that absolute justice is the same for everyone without exception. This justice goes beyond power and or money. He feels justice is not necessarily the law. Law is an imperfect form of justice. What is legal is not necessarily moral. In Book 1 of Platos The Republic, Plato explains that justice is a balance between reason, courage and mans needs or in other words, the head, the heart and the stomach. He goes on to explain that justice or fairness does not always mean equal. The law may change but justice remains constant. A good rule or law however is a just rule. Plato felt that to get people to act justly one must teach them ethics and values. He also believed that along with these ethics and values we must have a reasonable understanding of these rules. An understanding of these rules is needed so people are more apt to comply with them and therefore maintain a just and fair society. Another paradox discussed in Platos The Republic is authority and lib...

A Model Of Customer Value For Consumer Market Marketing Essay

A Model Of Customer Value For Consumer Market Marketing Essay Satisfying customers wishes is a challenge for many companies in the todays rapidly changing and keenly competitive environment. A thorough knowledge of customer needs is even considered to be the foundation on which a company is built. (Mohr-Jackson, 1996) Hence, the researcher in this research has decided to focus the research on customer values. 2.0 Definition of Customer Values Walters (2002) explains that â€Å"value is an interesting concept. The underlying motivation for changes in customer expectations is a shift in the consumer perspective of value which has moved away from a combination of benefits dominated by price towards a range of benefits in which price, for some customer segments, has very little impact. Value is assumed to be the benefits received from a product choice less their costs of acquisition†. The benefits can be measured in price, quality, convenience, flexibility, response time, dependability of delivery, style and fashion, ethical issues, technol ogy and personalization. All these values are very important especially for the first time customers as in this high competitive business environment, customers will compare the value of product or service the competitor is offerings. The more values a company willing to provide, the more likely the customers are willing pay for the product or service. 3.0 Customer Value Models According to Fuller (1993), identify customer’s characteristic and develop customer value model are a very important part in satisfying the customer needs. The product and service characteristic must be produced and delivered and these tasks raise questions concerning the capabilities and capacities. Diagram 1: A Model of Customer Value for Consumer Market According to Day (1990), the original idea of â€Å"value equation† and emphasizing customers’ perception. This model (Diagram 1) integrates descriptive and normative points of view about consumer behaviour, including the consumer value s expectation before purchase, customer value evaluation at the time of buying, and value actualization in consumption or possession. According to social psychologists, people’s perception of objects and events is influenced by their cognitive traits such as personality and attitude, personal values, and consumption schemata. Besides that, it can also be influenced by the demographics such as age, education, income, wealth, and time resources. As indicated in Diagram 1, these factors of â€Å"Customer Characteristics† are the background of the customers’ perception. The buyers’ evaluation of a product purchase begins from their perceived product benefits. The earlier discussions of consumers’ product valuation have proposed a framework about how the customers perceive product benefits based on their terminal personal values and instrumental consumption values. In addition, the discussion has suggested and illustrated a typology of generic product b enefits with eight categories. As indicated in Diagram 1, the model suggests that â€Å"Perceived Product Benefits† could be a single type or a combination of the eight categories of product benefits. The model suggests that customer value is a consequence of subjective evaluation which in turn results from the summing up of the various perceived benefits and perceived costs, taking into account the differently weighted factors. In other words, the â€Å"perceived customer value† in the model is defined as the surplus or the difference between perceived benefits and perceived costs (Day 1990).

As the instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

As the instruction - Essay Example It is worth noting that some of the earlier documents of this kind can be seen to greatly influence later documents and the ideas presented within them. President Roosevelt presented this paper in Congress in 1941. Some of the key ideas sene to be laid out in this paper have been widely adopted and voiced by subsequent administrations and other Americans over time. In this paper, President Roosevelt is seen to emphasize the fact that prior to the year 1941, the United States had been greatly affected by occurrences in other continents. These had seen the country involved in about two wars as well as a number of undeclared wars in the United States’ attempt to secure the basic principles of peaceful commerce and civil rights. He urged for democracy which he claimed was greatly assailed across the world. In his speech Roosevelt points out that there are some fundamental things that Americans happen to expect from their government pertaining to their economic and political system s. He summarizes these things as being security for anyone that may happen to require it, jobs offered to those who are in a capacity to work, the general preservation of all civil liberties for each and every individual, and the ending of granting of a number of special privileges to only a select few. These civil liberties, as presented by Roosevelt in 1941, were later seen to be adopted by the UN in the UDHR that it presented in 1948 as the freedom from fear and want and the freedom from of speech and religion (Roosevelt 6). The UDHR presents a number of human rights that contain compressed versions of civil liberties as declared by Roosevelt. Some of them include Article 1 that emphasizes the fact that all human beings are born equal and should therefore have both equal dignity and rights. Article 23 of the UDHR is also seen to borrow its idea from Roosevelt as it stresses the innate right of all individuals to be able to work and have a basically free choice of employment. Secu ring the freedom for individuals to essentially be in a capacity to hold a job is seen to serve to save the individual from lacking some of the wants such as food, essential medical care and housing. (UN General Assembly 2–5). Similarly, in declaring the right for everyone to obtain security, liberty and life, Article 3 of the UDHR highlights the right of all people to obtain personal security, the government should be in a capacity to provide adequate security for its citizen’s according to the expected requirements of this Article which are in turn seen to be in-line with the freedom from fear (UN General Assembly 2). In his article, Kaplan is seen to point out that the United States’ concerted efforts to promote democracy in the poorer different parts of the world are critical. In a similar fashion to Roosevelt, Kaplan stresses that the current democracy in the United States is essentially at a greater risk than ever before (Kaplan 1). Kaplan ends his article by painting a substantially gloomy picture of the potentially bleak future that stands to affect America and the various achievements that have been made possible across the world primarily as a result of the advent and continual spread of democracy. He contends that the West could arguably be seen to stand to eventually fall to the same fate as most of the earlier civilizations across the world, such as the Roman Empire that strongly believed